Computer Aided Design-Based Band Diagram Development for High Performance Solar Cells
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
55-62
Received:
3 November 2018
Accepted:
15 November 2018
Published:
26 December 2018
Abstract: There are essentially different forms of solar cell panels that are used in either for domestic uses or industrial purposes depending on the semiconductor materials. Actually, there are enormous amount of semiconductor and these various types can be combined or adjust the composition of the material can form the new compound of semiconductor. In this paper, the basic concepts of semiconductors that are used for in all aspects of material science and optical devices are firstly described with both theoretical and mathematical approaches. The main objective of this research is to design and analyse the band diagram design of semiconductor materials which are used for high performance solar cells. This paper describes the fundamental theory of semiconductors, the properties analysis and band gap design of materials for solar cells. Firstly, as the physical properties play a vital role in semiconductor measurements, the properties such as effective mass of majority and minority carriers, the dielectric constants and energy band gaps are calculated. Depending on the specified semiconductor material, the required parameters and the mathematical calculation are performed based on the existing equations. Secondly, the optical properties and the characteristics curves of semiconductor materials are discussed. Numerical values of each parameter which are included in analysis are defined in order to achieve the current-voltage characteristic for specific solar cell and then these resultant values are predicted for the performance of solar cells. Finally, the energy band diagram and efficiency of semiconductor solar cells are presented. Therefore, this research is focused in analyzing the useful properties of semiconductor materials for solar cells. The computerized analyses have also mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: There are essentially different forms of solar cell panels that are used in either for domestic uses or industrial purposes depending on the semiconductor materials. Actually, there are enormous amount of semiconductor and these various types can be combined or adjust the composition of the material can form the new compound of semiconductor. In th...
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Implementation of Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wi-Fi Applications
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
63-73
Received:
3 November 2018
Accepted:
16 November 2018
Published:
26 December 2018
Abstract: In recent years, the inventions in communication systems require the design of low cost, minimal weight, compact and low profile antennas which are capable of main-taining high performance. This research covers the study of basics and fundamentals of the microstrip patch antenna. The aim of this work is to design the microstrip patch antenna for Wi-Fi applications which operates at 2.4 GHz. The simulation of the proposed antenna was done with the aid of the computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio student version 2017. The substrate used for the proposed antenna is the flame resistant four (FR-4) with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.025. The proposed MSA is fed by the coaxial probe. The proposed antenna may find applications in wireless local area network (Wi-Fi) and Bluetooth technology. And the work is the design of a Hexagonal shaped microstrip patch antenna which is presented for the wireless communication applications such as Wi-Fi in S-band. The designed microstrip patch antenna consists of a hexagonal patch which is found to be resonant at the frequency of 2.397 GHz with the return loss of -31.2118 dB having satisfactory radiation properties. The proposed antenna is the compact design of 28.2842mm 48.2842mm area on the FR4-epoxy substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4 and thickness of 1.6. The designed antenna has the realized gain of 3.42 dB at the resonant frequency of 2.397 GHz. After simulating with the CST software, the patch antenna was fabricated using the MITS milling machine on the FR-4 substrate in the YTU’s communication lab. The fabricated antenna was measured by the Vector Network Analyzer. Then, the simulation and measurement results were compared. The designed antenna structure is planar, simple and compact since it can be easily embedded for Wi-Fi applications, cellular phones and wireless communications for low manufacturing cost.
Abstract: In recent years, the inventions in communication systems require the design of low cost, minimal weight, compact and low profile antennas which are capable of main-taining high performance. This research covers the study of basics and fundamentals of the microstrip patch antenna. The aim of this work is to design the microstrip patch antenna for Wi...
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